References

http://www.mariopigazzini.com/pdf/Aborigeni-Australiani.pdf

Survivors

What are the actual results from the "Stolen Generation"?

A survey done in 1994 by 'Australian Bureau of Statistics (Istituto

Australian Bureau of Statistics) found that people forcibly removed

childhood living in poverty or struggling to survive

(29%) in contrast to the people that were not removed (15.4%).

People who do not lived this dramatic experience are no longer

acculturated, they have a better chance of being hired, and do not receive

higher incomes than those who were not removed from their communities. The survey

also he reflected the people removed were arrested more than once.

5.5 Types of Punishment

The punishments varied depending on the offense. The lightest punishment was a

practiced verbal warning for minor offenses, such as oral abuse against

a member of the clan.

physical punishment were common in case of infringements of sacred or sexual issues and

even in case of physical attacks. In these cases, the men could be pierced

with a spear on the thighs and women could receive blows on the skull.

If someone was held responsible for the death of another person, only the

his death or that of some of his close relative could restore the balance

in the society.

Finally, people who were afraid of being punished by death could escape

in other areas, hoping to escape the judgment. receipt. The incident could involve other people, but all

He ended when it reached a level in the punishments inflicted

on both sides.

3) In the tribe. In cases of serious infringements, such as killing or the sacrilege, the

Elders decided the punishments and who would run. The men

They were chosen to carry out death sentences against the accused. In

Western Desert, for instance, a man accused of murder was

led chasing other men and, when he was leading the pack,

It was pierced with spears. In most of the regions there were

Special fighting where the parties who had some serious disagreements

They could fight between them.

5.3 Law

Aboriginal societies had a wide range of codes that drew people

in their behavior. Aboriginal societies had not developed a system

written, so everything (including laws) were passed in society as

oral tradition and the people were constantly reminded of their duties. The

Elders were considered the leading expert in judicial matters. infractions

of the law they were punished in various ways. When they were done, people

He is waiting for someone to take the decisions and formalize punishments.

Given the fact that the Great Ancestors Creative Beings made the law in

Dreamtime, the law was not seen as something separate from the wider circle

of so-called traditional "religious." knowledge and that ensured that the rituals were recited in the way

right were subject to punishment if adempievano to their duties in the manner

right. Women and children were forbidden the view of the masculine sacred rituals. The

punishments were severe, sometimes several men were killed because they had

shared with women the "sacred knowledge".

5.2 Government and equality
Anthropologists, who lived and studied Aboriginal society, they noticed
that the stories, songs and rituals of the Dreamtime contained information on
ways of life and it was the responsibility of the clan to ensure that the status quo was
preserved. The government was therefore influenced by two factors, kinship and
location.
The older family were responsible for the conduct of business and
behaviors associated with the reports that regulated the majority of the
daily life. The power of these elders was limited to the areas in which they
They had spiritual powers and responsibilities.
Anthropologists use the word to describe the government's equality in society
Aboriginal. Sacket Lee, an anthropologist who has studied the tribe Wiluna
Western Australia, wrote "... one aspect of the traditional system of values

tribe. This was called the Council of Elders. This Council

He met with the intention of leading the initiations, weddings and ceremonies

burial in respect of Aboriginal traditions.

The females were not considered Older, however women aged

Advanced held the function of midwives and had authority over the facts

They concerned the female world.

4.5 Marriages

Each tribe was divided into a number of small social groups, but in the case of

weddings in two main groups called moieties (literally: half). Let's call them A and

B. The group A persons can not marry people of the same group. a man at a young age and married (through a final ceremony) when

It was eleven or twelve years and reached puberty.

Weddings for capture or for a romantic getaway were common, but these were

against the law of the tribe and were punished.

In Aboriginal societies it was customary that men could have more than one

wife.

However, while this gives the impression that their company was chauvinistic and

that women were treated as objects, women and men was

taught through important stories of the Dreamtime, that between husband and wife

there was a strong interdependence based on love and respect.

The marriage took place when the people of a tribe coming from different clans

They gathered in ceremonies time.

The rite was probably a handling-over ceremony, which took place in

certain places. The Sholhaven Region in Coolangatta Mountains was a

traditional place suitable for weddings. This is because, according to some stories of

Dreamtime, special Great Ancestors could have married there and

also because there was a tradition that thousands of couples were married at that

site. structures and less specialized laws.

The stateless society are divided into chiefdoms and acephalous. In the first there is a

visible leaders (eg .: King) and the title is inherited by birth.

In the second there is a visible leader and the power can be in the hands of one or

more tips. Aboriginal societies belonged to the headless stateless society.

4.2 Tribe

Most of the time the term tribe is understood as a group of people,

with links to genealogical level, living in a given area and share

customs and common beliefs.

Professor Elkin, in his book "The Australian Aborigines: How to understand

them ", he defines a tribe as a" number of persons occupying a

determined block of land, which they recognized a common report and that

They spoke the same language or the same dialect ".The lineage refers to the relationship between a person and his one / a

predecessor, the rights and privileges that this inherited ancestor Many

company followed the principle of "non-linear descent 'and, according to this

principle, the inheritance could be transmitted through a single line, or male

or female.

When it is patrilineal, the person inherits bonds, property and other rights from the father;

and when it is patrilineal, the person inherits them from the mother.

The residence refers to the place where the couple lives after. Marriage. in

Modern society, the couple usually lives in a separate building from that of

their parents. This is known as "neolocal residence".

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In traditional Aboriginal societies it was customary that the couple went to live

in the vicinity of one or both pairs of parents in such a way as to

share with them the economic and social ties. If the couple lived in

vicinity of the groom's parents, the residence was patrilocal; on the contrary, if the

newlyweds lived near the bride's parents, the residence was matrilocal.

With regard to marriage, a couple is defined endogamous when a person

a certain married someone who belongs to the same group. If a duties. Relationships (kinship) between two determined people these rights and duties.

In due time, if you showed responsible and willing to learn, young

men and young women could be formally introduced fully in

"Encyclopedia" of spiritual knowledge. They learned the song cycles

relating to the acts of creation and was shown them also the places where the Great

Ancestors Creative Beings had represented those acts. They learned to

be familiar with the paintings, dances and everything that was related to any ritual.

They could spend thirty to forty years to reach maturity

through a long series of spiritual initiations.

While they were learning, they could participate with authority in the councils of

senior members of the clan.

As heirs of the traditional rituals, they had an obligation to preserve those

traditions. In the future, they will pass the knowledge and responsibilities to their children

(Oral tradition)